안드로이드 어댑터뷰 개념과 예제

1. 어댑터뷰

- AdapterView 하위에 ListView, ExpandableListView, GridView, Spinner, Gallery 등을 묶어서 표현
- 어댑터뷰를 사용할 때 어댑터뷰의 모양을 설정하고 데이터를 채워주는 ArrayAdapter<T> 클래스를 함께 사용

어댑터를 만드는 원리 : ArrayAdpater를 예로 보면 생성자가 있다. (New...)
구성요소 -----> ArrayAdapter(위치(Activity),  디자인(한줄), 데이터(다중)) 이 형식으로 쓴다.
어댑터를 어댑터 뷰에 꽂아주면 된다...

* simple : ArrayAdapter
* complex : BaseAdapter를 상속해서 내가 만든다. (MyAdapter 이런 식으로)

 

 

 

2. 리스트뷰

- 데이터를 리스트 모양으로 보여주며 리스트 중 하나를 선택하는 용도

 

리스트뷰 예제

 

xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <ListView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/listView1"/>

</LinearLayout>

 

java

package com.example.chapter11;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        setTitle("리스트뷰 테스트");

        final String[] mid ={"히어로즈", "24시", "로스트", "로스트룸", "스몰빌",
                "탐정몽크", "빅뱅이론", "프렌즈", "덱스터", "글리",
                "가쉽걸", "테이큰", "슈퍼내추럴", "브이"};
        ListView list = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listView1);

        ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
        			android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, mid);
       
       list.setAdapter(adapter);

        list.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int i, long l) {
                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), mid[i], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }
}

 

 

 

xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <EditText
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/edtItem"
        />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btnAdd"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="#dddddd"
        android:text="항목 추가"/>

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/listView1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        />

</LinearLayout>

 

java

package com.example.chapter11_04;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ListView;

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        final ArrayList<String> midList = new ArrayList<String>();
        ListView list = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listView1);

        final ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
                android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,midList);
        list.setAdapter(adapter);

        final EditText edtItem = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edtItem);
        Button btnAdd = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnAdd);

        btnAdd.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                midList.add(edtItem.getText().toString());
                adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
            }
        });
        list.setOnItemLongClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemLongClickListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onItemLongClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int i, long l) {
                midList.remove(i);
                adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                return false;
            }
        });
    }
}

 

 

3. 그리드뷰

- 그리드뷰(GridView)는 사진이나 그림을 격자 모양으로 배치
- XML 파일에는 간단히 <GridView>를 넣으면 되지만, Java 코드에는 필요한 내용을 반드시 코딩
- <GridView>의 속성 중 열 개수를 지정하는 numColumns는 꼭 필요

 

그리드뷰 영화 포스터 예제

 

xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <GridView
        android:id="@+id/gridView1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:numColumns="4"/>

</LinearLayout>

 

layout > dialog.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/ivPoster"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        />

</LinearLayout>

 

 

java

package com.example.chapter11_6;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.GridView;
import android.widget.ImageView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        setTitle("그리드뷰 영화 포스터");

        final GridView gv = (GridView) findViewById(R.id.gridView1);
        MyGridAdapter gAdapter = new MyGridAdapter(this);
        gv.setAdapter(gAdapter);
    }
        public class MyGridAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
            Context context;

            public  MyGridAdapter(Context c){
                context = c;
            }
            public int getCount(){
                return posterID.length;
            }
            public Object getItem(int position){
                return null;
            }
            public long getItemId(int position){
                return  0;
            }

            Integer[] posterID = {R.drawable.mov01, R.drawable.mov02,
                    R.drawable.mov03, R.drawable.mov04, R.drawable.mov05,
                    R.drawable.mov06, R.drawable.mov07, R.drawable.mov08,
                    R.drawable.mov09, R.drawable.mov10,
                    R.drawable.mov01, R.drawable.mov02,
                    R.drawable.mov03, R.drawable.mov04, R.drawable.mov05,
                    R.drawable.mov06, R.drawable.mov07, R.drawable.mov08,
                    R.drawable.mov09, R.drawable.mov10,
                    R.drawable.mov01, R.drawable.mov02,
                    R.drawable.mov03, R.drawable.mov04, R.drawable.mov05,
                    R.drawable.mov06, R.drawable.mov07, R.drawable.mov08,
                    R.drawable.mov09, R.drawable.mov10
            };

            @Override
            public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
                ImageView imageView = new ImageView(context);
                imageView.setLayoutParams(new GridView.LayoutParams(100,150));
                imageView.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.FIT_CENTER);
                imageView.setPadding(5,5,5,5);

                imageView.setImageResource(posterID[position]);

                final int pos = position;
                imageView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(View view) {
                        View dialogView = (View) View.inflate(MainActivity.this,
                                R.layout.dialog, null);
                        AlertDialog.Builder dlg = new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);
                        ImageView ivPoster = (ImageView)dialogView.findViewById(R.id.ivPoster);
                        ivPoster.setImageResource(posterID[pos]);
                        dlg.setTitle("큰 포스터");
                        dlg.setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher_foreground);
                        dlg.setView(dialogView);
                        dlg.setNegativeButton("닫기", null);
                        dlg.show();
                    }
                });
                return imageView;
            }
        }
}

 

 

//수정된 xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <GridView
        android:id="@+id/gridView1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:numColumns="4"/>

</LinearLayout>

//수정된 java
package com.example.chapter11_6;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.GridView;
import android.widget.ImageView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        setTitle("그리드뷰 영화 포스터");

        final GridView gv = (GridView) findViewById(R.id.gridView1);
        // 1. 어댑터만들기
        
        MyGridAdapter gAdapter = new MyGridAdapter(this);
        gv.setAdapter(gAdapter);
        // 베이스 어댑터를 상속받는 커스텀 어댑터 만들기
        // 2. 어댑터를 어댑터뷰(=그리드뷰)에 연결
    }
        public class MyGridAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
            Context context;

            public  MyGridAdapter(Context c){ //
                context = c;
            }
            public int getCount(){  //전체 그림의 갯수
                return posterID.length;
            }
            public Object getItem(int position){
                return null;
            }
            public long getItemId(int position){
                return  0;
            }

            Integer[] posterID = {R.drawable.mov01, R.drawable.mov02,
                    R.drawable.mov03, R.drawable.mov04, R.drawable.mov05,
                    R.drawable.mov06, R.drawable.mov07, R.drawable.mov08,
                    R.drawable.mov09, R.drawable.mov10,
                    R.drawable.mov01, R.drawable.mov02,
                    R.drawable.mov03, R.drawable.mov04, R.drawable.mov05,
                    R.drawable.mov06, R.drawable.mov07, R.drawable.mov08,
                    R.drawable.mov09, R.drawable.mov10,
                    R.drawable.mov01, R.drawable.mov02,
                    R.drawable.mov03, R.drawable.mov04, R.drawable.mov05,
                    R.drawable.mov06, R.drawable.mov07, R.drawable.mov08,
                    R.drawable.mov09, R.drawable.mov10
            };

            @Override
            public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
                ImageView imageView = new ImageView(context);
                imageView.setLayoutParams(new GridView.LayoutParams(100,150));
                imageView.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.FIT_CENTER);
                imageView.setPadding(5,5,5,5);

                imageView.setImageResource(posterID[position]);
				//위의 변수가 final 이면 안되니까
                final int pos = position;
                imageView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(View view) {
                        View dialogView = (View) View.inflate(MainActivity.this,
                                R.layout.dialog, null);
                        AlertDialog.Builder dlg = new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);
                        ImageView ivPoster = (ImageView)dialogView.findViewById(R.id.ivPoster);
                        ivPoster.setImageResource(posterID[pos]);
                        dlg.setTitle("큰 포스터");
                        dlg.setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher_foreground);
                        dlg.setView(dialogView);
                        dlg.setNegativeButton("닫기", null);
                        dlg.show();
                    }
                });
                return imageView;
            }
        }
}

 

 

 

 

4. 갤러리(Gallery)

- 사진이나 이미지를 배치하고 좌우로 스크롤해서 볼 수 있도록 해줌
- 이미지 목록을 스크롤하는 기능만 있다.
- 이미지를 클릭하면 큰 이미지를 보이게 하는 방법은 Java 코드를 추가하여 사용

 

xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <Gallery
        android:id="@+id/gallery1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:spacing="5dp" />
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/ivPoster"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:padding="20dp" />
</LinearLayout>

 

java

package com.example.chapter11_12;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.Gallery;
import android.widget.ImageView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        setTitle("갤러리 영화 포스터");

        Gallery gallery = (Gallery) findViewById(R.id.gallery1);
        MyGalleryAdapter galAdapter = new MyGalleryAdapter(this);
        gallery.setAdapter(galAdapter);
    }
        public class  MyGalleryAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
            Context context;
            Integer[] posterID = {
                    R.drawable.mov11, R.drawable.mov12, R.drawable.mov13,
                    R.drawable.mov14, R.drawable.mov15, R.drawable.mov16,
                    R.drawable.mov17, R.drawable.mov18, R.drawable.mov19,
                    R.drawable.mov20
            };
            public MyGalleryAdapter(Context c){
                context = c;
            }
        public int getCount() {
                return  posterID.length;
        }
        public Object getItem(int arg0){
                return null;
        }
        public long getItemId(int position){
                return 0;
        }
        @Override
        public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent){
                ImageView imageview = new ImageView(context);
                imageview.setLayoutParams(new Gallery.LayoutParams(100,150));
                imageview.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.FIT_CENTER);
                imageview.setPadding(5,5,5,5);
                imageview.setImageResource(posterID[position]);

                final int pos = position;
                imageview.setOnTouchListener(new View.OnTouchListener(){
                    @Override
                    public boolean onTouch(View view, MotionEvent motionEvent) {
                        ImageView ivPoster = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.ivPoster);
                        ivPoster.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.FIT_CENTER);
                        ivPoster.setImageResource(posterID[pos]);
                        return false;
                    }
                });
                return imageview;
        }
    }
}

 

 

5. 스피너 (Spinner)

- PC의 드롭 다운(Drop Down) 박스와 비슷한 기능을 함

 

xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <Spinner
        android:id="@+id/spinner1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
         />

</LinearLayout>

 

java

package com.example.chapter11_16;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.Spinner;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        setTitle("스피너 테스트");

        final String[] movie = {"쿵푸팬더", "짱구는 못말려", "아저씨",
                "아바타", "대부", "국가대표", "토이스토리3", "마당을 나온 암탉",
                "죽은 시인의 사회", "서유기"};

        Spinner spinner = (Spinner) findViewById(R.id.spinner1);

        ArrayAdapter<String> adapter;
        adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
                android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item, movie);
        spinner.setAdapter(adapter);
    }
}

 

 

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